Olive Oil: Traditional Carrier Oil for Skin & Hair

Olive oil (Olea europaea) is one of the oldest and most historically significant carrier oils, cold-pressed from the fruit of the olive tree. Produced primarily in Spain, Italy, Greece, and Tunisia, it has been used for skin care and therapeutic purposes since ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman times. Whilst heavier than many modern carrier oils, extra virgin olive oil remains a practical and accessible choice for aromatherapy, particularly for body massage and dry skin treatments.

Benefits

Rich in Antioxidants & Polyphenols

Extra virgin olive oil contains a wealth of antioxidant compounds, including oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, and vitamin E (tocopherols). Research published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences documented that olive oil polyphenols possess significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity when applied topically. Oleocanthal, in particular, has anti-inflammatory properties pharmacologically similar to ibuprofen.

These compounds help protect the skin from environmental damage, support the skin barrier, and may help slow visible signs of ageing when used consistently as part of a skin care routine.

Skin Barrier Repair

Olive oil is rich in squalene (not to be confused with squalane), a compound that is naturally present in human sebum and plays a key role in maintaining the skin's moisture barrier. A study in the journal Pediatric Dermatology investigated olive oil for skin barrier function, noting its occlusive properties help reduce transepidermal water loss. It is particularly beneficial for very dry, mature, or compromised skin.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties

The oleocanthal in extra virgin olive oil has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory activity. Research published in Nature demonstrated that oleocanthal inhibits the same inflammatory enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) as ibuprofen. When used as a carrier oil for anti-inflammatory essential oils, olive oil may provide complementary soothing benefits for irritated or inflamed skin.

Hair Conditioning & Strength

Olive oil has been used as a hair conditioner since antiquity. Its oleic acid content allows it to penetrate the hair shaft, providing deep conditioning and reducing protein loss. Whilst not as effective at hair penetration as coconut oil, olive oil is an excellent choice for hot oil treatments on dry, coarse, or curly hair types that benefit from heavier conditioning.

Wound Healing Support

Historical use and modern research both support olive oil's role in wound healing. A study published in the journal Burns found that topical application of olive oil in combination with honey accelerated wound healing. Its moisturising and antimicrobial properties create a favourable environment for tissue repair, making it a traditional remedy for minor cuts, grazes, and cracked skin.

Uses

Carrier Oil for Body Essential Oil Blends

Absorption rate: slow. Olive oil is a heavier carrier oil best suited for body rather than facial applications. Its slow absorption provides extended moisturisation, making it ideal for overnight treatments and dry skin conditions. Standard dilution: 2-3% essential oil (12-18 drops per 30 ml of olive oil). For a lighter feel, blend 50:50 with a lighter oil such as sweet almond or grapeseed.

Deep Tissue Massage

Olive oil's slow absorption and rich texture make it well-suited for deep tissue massage, where prolonged glide time is needed. Warm a tablespoon of olive oil, add 4-5 drops of your chosen essential oils (eucalyptus and lavender make an excellent combination), and use for firm, slow massage strokes. The oil provides the sustained slip needed for working into deeper muscle tissues.

Dry Skin & Eczema Treatment

For very dry, cracked, or eczema-prone skin on the body, olive oil can be an effective and affordable base. Combine 30 ml of extra virgin olive oil with 5 drops of chamomile essential oil and 3 drops of lavender essential oil. Apply to affected areas after bathing whilst the skin is still slightly damp. This helps lock in moisture and may help soothe inflammation.

Hot Oil Hair Treatment

Warm 2-3 tablespoons of olive oil and add 5-8 drops of rosemary or ylang-ylang essential oil. Apply to dry hair from roots to ends, concentrating on the driest areas. Wrap in a warm towel and leave for 30-60 minutes. Shampoo out thoroughly — two washes are typically needed. This treatment is particularly beneficial for coarse, curly, or chemically treated hair.

Traditional Soap Making

Olive oil is the primary ingredient in traditional Castile soap (originating from the Castile region of Spain) and Aleppo soap. Whilst soap making requires additional ingredients (lye/sodium hydroxide) and expertise, olive oil produces a gentle, moisturising bar that is suitable for sensitive skin. Essential oils can be added during the soap-making process for natural fragrance.

Ear Care (Folk Remedy)

Warm (not hot) olive oil has been used as a traditional folk remedy for softening earwax. A few drops of body-temperature olive oil placed in the ear canal may help soften hardened wax for easier removal. Note: do not add essential oils for ear use, and consult a healthcare professional if you have ear pain, discharge, or a perforated eardrum.

Safety & Side Effects

Comedogenic Rating & Facial Use

Comedogenic rating: 2 (out of 5) — low to moderate. Whilst olive oil has a relatively low comedogenic rating, its heavy texture and slow absorption make it less suitable for facial use, particularly for oily or acne-prone skin. Some research suggests that oleic acid (the dominant fatty acid in olive oil) may actually disrupt the skin barrier in some individuals when used on the face. For facial essential oil blends, consider argan or jojoba oil instead.

Quality Matters — Extra Virgin Only

Always use extra virgin olive oil for skin care and aromatherapy. Refined or "light" olive oils have been processed with heat and chemicals that strip away most of the beneficial polyphenols and antioxidants. Extra virgin olive oil is cold-pressed from the first pressing and retains the highest concentration of therapeutic compounds. Purchase from reputable sources, as adulteration is unfortunately common.

Shelf Life & Storage

Shelf life: approximately 1-2 years. Olive oil is moderately susceptible to oxidation. Store in a tightly sealed dark glass bottle in a cool, dark place away from heat and light. Do not store near the cooker or in direct sunlight. Rancid olive oil will have a waxy, crayon-like smell and should be discarded. The "best before" date on the bottle is a good guide.

Staining & Residue

Olive oil is heavier than many carrier oils and can leave noticeable stains on fabrics, clothing, and bed linens. When using for body massage or overnight treatments, protect bedding with an old towel. Olive oil stains can be pre-treated with dish soap and warm water before laundering. For daytime use on exposed skin, a lighter carrier oil may be more practical.